Treatments

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus, affecting approximately 70-80% of women by age 50.

Types of Fibroids:

1. Intramural fibroids (within the uterine wall)
2. Submucosal fibroids (protruding into the uterine cavity)
3. Subserosal fibroids (on the outer surface of the uterus)
4. Pedunculated fibroids (hanging from a stalk)

Symptoms:

1. Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
2. Pelvic pain or pressure
3. Abdominal swelling or bloating
4. Frequent urination
5. Constipation
6. Backache
7. Infertility or recurrent miscarriage

Infertility is the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse or the inability to carry a pregnancy to term.

Types of Infertility:

1. Primary infertility (never pregnant)
2. Secondary infertility (previous pregnancy, unable to conceive again)
3. Male infertility (low sperm count, motility, or morphology)
4. Female infertility (ovulation disorders, tubal damage)
5. Unexplained infertility (no identifiable cause)

Causes of Infertility:

Male Factors:

1. Low sperm count
2. Poor sperm motility
3. Abnormal sperm morphology
4. Varicocele
5. Hormonal imbalances

Female Factors:

1. Ovulation disorders (PCOS, thyroid issues)
2. Tubal damage or blockage
3. Endometriosis
4. Uterine abnormalities
5. Hormonal imbalances

Leucorrhoea, also known as vaginal discharge, is a common gynecological condition characterized by abnormal vaginal secretion.

Types of Leucorrhoea:

1. Physiological Leucorrhoea (normal discharge)
2. Pathological Leucorrhoea (abnormal discharge)

Causes of Pathological Leucorrhoea:

1. Infections:
– Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
– Yeast Infections (Candidiasis)
– Trichomoniasis
– Chlamydia
– Gonorrhea
2. Hormonal Imbalance:
– Thyroid disorders
– Estrogen imbalance
3. Inflammatory Conditions:
– Cervicitis
– Endometritis
– Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
4. Other Causes:
– Poor hygiene
– Tight clothing
– Stress
– Allergies
– Certain medications

Symptoms:

1. Abnormal vaginal discharge (color, consistency, odor)
2. Itching or burning sensation
3. Redness or swelling
4. Frequent urination
5. Painful intercourse
6. Abdominal pain

Menstrual irregularities, also known as abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), refer to variations in the frequency, duration, or volume of menstrual flow.

Types of Menstrual Irregularities:

1. Amenorrhea (absence of periods)
2. Oligomenorrhea (infrequent periods)
3. Polymenorrhea (frequent periods)
4. Menorrhagia (heavy or prolonged bleeding)
5. Metrorrhagia (irregular bleeding between periods)
6. Dysmenorrhea (painful periods)

Causes of Menstrual Irregularities:

1. Hormonal imbalances (estrogen, progesterone)
2. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
3. Thyroid disorders
4. Pituitary tumors
5. Uterine fibroids
6. Endometrial polyps
7. Infections (pelvic inflammatory disease)
8. Medications (hormonal birth control)
9. Stress
10. Weight changes

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) or Polycystic Ovary Disorder (PCOD) is a hormonal disorder affecting 5-10% of women of reproductive age.

Characteristics:

1. Irregular menstrual cycles (oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea)
2. Hyperandrogenism (acne, excess hair growth, male pattern baldness)
3. Polycystic ovaries (multiple small cysts on ovaries)

Causes and Risk Factors:

1. Genetics
2. Hormonal imbalance (insulin resistance, androgen excess)
3. Environmental factors (obesity, stress)
4. Family history
5. Ethnicity (higher prevalence in South Asian women

The thyroid gland produces hormones essential for regulating metabolism, growth, and development.

Thyroid Disorders:

1. Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)
2. Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid)
3. Thyroiditis (Inflammation)
4. Goiter (Enlarged Thyroid)
5. Thyroid Nodules
6. Thyroid Cancer

Hypothyroidism:

Causes:

1. Autoimmune disorders (Hashimoto’s)
2. Radiation therapy
3. Surgery
4. Medications (amiodarone)
5. Iodine deficiency

Symptoms:

1. Fatigue
2. Weight gain
3. Cold intolerance
4. Dry skin
5. Hair loss
6. Constipation
7. Depression

Hyperthyroidism:

Causes:

1. Autoimmune disorders (Graves’)
2. Thyroid nodules
3. Thyroiditis
4. Excessive iodine intake
5. Medications (thyroid hormone)

Symptoms:

1. Weight loss
2. Increased heart rate
3. Nervousness
4. Heat intolerance
5. Sweating
6. Tremors
7. Anxiety